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Horizontal seed dispersal by dung beetles reduced seed and seedling clumping, but did not increase short-term seedling establishment.

Dung beetles are secondary seed dispersers, incidentally moving many of the seeds defecated by mammals vertically (seed burial) and/or horizontally as they process and relocate dung.Although several studies have quantified this ecological function of dung beetles, very few have followed seed fate until seedling establishment, and most of these have

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